Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci yog dab tsi?
Feb 10, 2023
Raws li hom hnub ci hnub ci txuas ntxiv mus, daim ntawv thov ntau yog nce dav, thiab kev lag luam nplai tau maj mam nthuav dav. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov hnub, kev siv ntawmhnub ci zog tsimyog siv nyob rau hauv cov tub rog thiab aerospace teb. Tam sim no, hnub ci zog tau nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam, kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, kev sib txuas lus, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. Kev siv hluav taws xob hnub ci tau muab faib ua ntau qhov chaw: me me hnub ci fais fab nroj tsuag rau kev siv hauv tsev, daim phiaj loj-txuas fais fab nroj tsuag, lub tsev-sib koom photovoltaic iav kab hlau rhuav phab ntsa, hnub ci txoj kev teeb, cua thiab hnub ci ntxiv txoj kev teeb, cua thiab hnub ci ntxiv fais fab mov. , piv txwv li: hnub ci vaj teeb; hnub ci zog siv tshuab; tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov kev ywj pheej rau lub zos fais fab mov, uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv thaj chaw deb, roob, suab puam, Islands tuaj thiab cov chaw nyob deb nroog kom txuag tau cov kab hluav taws xob kim; thiab photovoltaic dej twj tso kua mis (dej dej los yog irrigation); kev sib txuas lus fais fab mov; roj pipeline cathodic tiv thaiv; fiber optic kev sib txuas lus chaw nres tsheb fais fab mov; seawater desalination system; cov paib txoj kev hauv nroog; cov paib txoj kev loj, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci yog ua tiav los ntawm kev siv lub hnub ci zog thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv semiconductor los tsim hluav taws xob.
1. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob (photovoltaic zog tsim): hnub ci ci ntawm lub semiconductor pn junction, tsim cov qhov tshiab-electron khub, nyob rau hauv pn hlws ris hluav taws xob teb, qhov ntawm thaj tsam n mus rau thaj tsam p, electrons los ntawm thaj tsam p mus rau thaj tsam n, lub voj voog txuas nrog rau kev tsim tam sim no. Qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ua haujlwm ntawm photoelectric effect solar cell. (Raws li pom hauv daim duab :)
2. Hnub ci fais fab ob txoj kev: ib qho yog lub teeb-kub-hluav taws xob hloov txoj kev, lwm yam yog lub teeb-hluav taws xob ncaj conversion txoj kev.
A. Txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb-thermal-hluav taws xob: Los ntawm kev siv lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub ci hluav taws xob los tsim hluav taws xob, feem ntau yog los ntawm cov neeg siv hnub ci los hloov cov thermal absorbed rau hauv chav ua hauj lwm loj, thiab ces tsav lub turbine los tsim hluav taws xob. Cov txheej txheem yav dhau los yog cov txheej txheem hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb-rau-kub; cov txheej txheem tom kawg yog cov txheej txheem hloov hluav taws xob rau hluav taws xob, tib yam li kev tsim hluav taws xob thermal zoo tib yam.
B. Direct light - hluav taws xob hloov txoj kev (photovoltaic zog tsim): kev siv cov nyhuv photoelectric, lub hnub ci hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ncaj qha rau hauv hluav taws xob. Cov cuab yeej siv yooj yim ntawm lub teeb - hluav taws xob hloov pauv yog lub hnub ci cell.
Lub hnub ci hlwb yog kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hnub ci ncaj qha rau hauv hluav taws xob vim yog cov nyhuv photovoltaic, yog ib qho semiconductor photodiode. Thaum lub hnub ci ci rau ntawm photodiode, photodiode hloov lub hnub lub teeb lub zog rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob (saib daim duab). Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim rau kev siv thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi, thiab tau siv dav.
Cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem tsim cov nyhuv photovoltaic: monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, gallium arsenide, tooj liab indium selenide, thiab lwm yam. P-type crystalline silicon yog doped nrog phosphorus kom tau txais N-hom silicon, tsim PN hlws ris. Crystalline silicon yog cov khoom siv ntawm tes yooj yim, thiab lub hnub ci hlwb npaj nrog cov khoom siv crystalline silicon feem ntau suav nrog: monocrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb, cam khwb cia polycrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb, amorphous silicon hnub ci hlwb thiab nyias zaj duab xis crystalline silicon hlwb. Monocrystalline silicon hlwb muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tes ua haujlwm siab thiab kev ruaj ntseg zoo, tab sis tus nqi siab; amorphous silicon hnub ci hlwb muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab thiab tus nqi qis, tab sis qhov kev hloov pauv tau qis thiab qhov ua tau zoo decays sai heev; casting polycrystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb muaj kev hloov pauv ruaj khov thiab kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws rau tus nqi piv; nyias zaj duab xis crystalline silicon hnub ci hlwb nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev loj hlob theem. Silicon series hnub ci hlwb, monocrystalline silicon thiab polycrystalline silicon hlwb txuas ntxiv ua tus thawj tswj hwm PV kev lag luam, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm monocrystalline silicon thiab polycrystalline silicon tau tshaj 80 feem pua.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub hnub ci tuaj yeem muab faib ua tsib kauj ruam: txheej txheem purification, pas nrig txheej txheem, txheej txheem hlais, txheej txheem ntawm tes, thiab txheej txheem ntim.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci.
Tam sim no coj cov siv lead ua piv txwv los piav txog cov txheej txheem ntawm lub teeb tiam. Thaum lub teeb ci rau saum npoo ntawm lub hnub ci, ib feem ntawm cov photons yog absorbed los ntawm cov khoom siv silicon; Lub zog ntawm cov photons raug xa mus rau silicon atoms, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob tshwm sim, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob dawb ntawm ob sab ntawm PN kev sib tshuam los tsim qhov sib txawv, thiab thaum lub voj voog txuas nrog sab nraud, ib qho tam sim no yuav ntws los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. sab nraud Circuit Court los tsim ib tug tej yam tso zis hwj chim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub voltage. Thaum muaj ntau lub hlwb txuas nrog hauv koob lossis sib npaug, lub hnub ci ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes nrog lub zog tso zis loj tuaj yeem tsim tau.
